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Eye Infection Treatment: Conjunctivitis, Keratitis and Endophthalmitis
Eye infection treatment depends on which part of the eye is infected and what caused it. Most conjunctivitis clears on its own, while keratitis (an infection of the cornea) and endophthalmitis (an infection inside the eye) can threaten your sight within days. In Istanbul, infections of the cornea and the inside of the eye are assessed by Doç. Dr. Muhammet Derda Özer, our cornea and retina specialist (Doç. = Associate Professor), and Op. Dr. Aysan Bayram.
Conjunctivitis ("pink eye") usually gets better within 1–2 weeks; antibiotic drops help only when bacteria are the cause, and allergic conjunctivitis needs allergy drops instead. Keratitis and endophthalmitis are emergencies that need an eye specialist the same day, with intensive drops, injections or surgery. In Istanbul, Doç. Dr. Muhammet Derda Özer and Op. Dr. Aysan Bayram diagnose and treat these infections and give second opinions when one will not settle.
When an eye infection cannot wait
Get help today, wherever you are (in the UK, an urgent GP appointment, NHS 111 or A&E; elsewhere, an eye emergency department) if you have:
- eye pain, not just grittiness
- sensitivity to light
- changes in your vision, such as blurring, wavy lines or flashes
- a very red eye
- a baby under 30 days old with red, sticky eyes
- a red, painful eye while wearing contact lenses (take the lenses out and do not put them back in)
- a red, painful or blurry eye in the days after eye surgery or an eye injection
These are the warning signs listed by the NHS and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Do not wait to travel for treatment: keratitis and endophthalmitis can damage sight in days. If you are already in Istanbul, contact us and we will arrange an urgent examination ({{urgent appointment availability}}).
What is an eye infection? The three types at a glance
An eye infection is an infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites of the surface of the eye, the cornea or the inside of the eyeball. Where it sits decides how serious it is and how it is treated.
| Conjunctivitis | Keratitis | Endophthalmitis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Where | Conjunctiva: the thin, clear skin over the white of the eye and inside the eyelids | Cornea: the clear window at the front of the eye | Inside the eyeball (vitreous gel and fluid) |
| Typical causes | Viruses, bacteria, allergy (not an infection) | Bacteria, herpes viruses, fungi, Acanthamoeba | Bacteria or fungi entering after surgery, an injection or an injury, or spreading from the bloodstream |
| Main symptoms | Red, gritty, watery or sticky eyes, itching | Pain, light sensitivity, blurred vision, a white spot on the cornea | Worsening pain, redness, swollen lids, sudden loss of vision |
| Vision | Usually normal | Often reduced | Badly reduced |
| Urgency | Usually self-care or a pharmacist | Emergency: same day | Emergency: same day |
| Usual treatment | Time, cleaning, antibiotic drops if bacterial, allergy drops if allergic | Intensive antibiotic, antiviral or antifungal drops; corneal transplant if scarring remains | Antibiotic injection into the eye; vitrectomy surgery in severe cases |
Conjunctivitis symptoms: what pink eye looks and feels like
The main conjunctivitis symptoms, according to the NHS, are eyes that are red, burn or feel gritty, water, itch, or produce pus that sticks to the lashes. One or both eyes can be affected, and the type often shows in the details:
- Viral conjunctivitis: burning, red eyes with a watery discharge, often with a cold. Very contagious.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis: sore, red eyes with a lot of sticky, yellow-green pus; the lids may be stuck together in the morning. Also contagious.
- Allergic conjunctivitis: very itchy, red, watery and puffy eyes, usually both at once. Not contagious.
Conjunctivitis should not cause real pain, light sensitivity or blurred vision that does not clear when you blink. If it does, the cornea may be involved; see the emergency box above.
Conjunctivitis causes: viruses, bacteria, allergy and more
The most common conjunctivitis causes are viruses, bacteria and allergies. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) explains that most cases of acute infectious conjunctivitis in adults are viral, with adenoviruses among the most common viruses; bacterial cases are often caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Allergic conjunctivitis is triggered by pollen, dust mites, mould, pet dander, medicines or cosmetics. Less often, conjunctivitis comes from chemicals, contact lens problems or some sexually transmitted infections, which is also the main cause of serious conjunctivitis in newborns.
How long does conjunctivitis last?
Most conjunctivitis lasts one to two weeks. The figures from the CDC and the NHS:
| Type | How long it usually lasts | Contagious? |
|---|---|---|
| Viral conjunctivitis | 1–2 weeks | Yes |
| Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (a severe adenovirus form) | Up to 3 weeks | Yes: from a few days before symptoms to about 14 days after they start |
| Bacterial conjunctivitis | 1–2 weeks; antibiotic drops can shorten it | Yes |
| Allergic conjunctivitis | As long as you are exposed to the trigger | No |
See a doctor if your symptoms have not improved after 7 days (NHS), or after 2 days of antibiotic drops (NHS medicines guidance), or at once if they get worse.
Conjunctivitis treatment: what actually helps
Conjunctivitis treatment depends on the cause, and for most people it starts at home.
- Clean the eyes. Wipe the lids gently with clean cotton wool soaked in boiled water that has cooled, using a fresh piece for each eye.
- Soothe them. A cool flannel over closed eyes and lubricating drops (artificial tears) ease the discomfort.
- Leave contact lenses out until the infection has fully cleared.
- Stop the spread. Wash your hands often, don't share towels or pillows, and don't rub your eyes.
- Ask a pharmacist if you need drops or antihistamines; in the UK, children under 2 need a prescription from a GP.
According to the NHS, you do not need to stay off work or school unless you or your child feel very unwell.
Antibiotics help only bacterial conjunctivitis. The NHS and the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) both state that antibiotics do not work for viral or allergic conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis has no specific cure: the body clears the virus while cool compresses and artificial tears keep you comfortable.
Contact lens wearers are the exception. The CDC advises that contact lens wearers with bacterial conjunctivitis should take their lenses out, use antibiotic drops and be examined promptly by an ophthalmologist, because they are at higher risk of keratitis.
Conjunctivitis eye drops and eye infection drops: which ones?
| Drop | What it treats | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Lubricating drops (artificial tears) | Comfort in any type | No prescription needed |
| Chloramphenicol antibiotic drops or ointment | Bacterial conjunctivitis | Sold in UK pharmacies; prescription needed for children under 2 |
| Antihistamine drops (e.g. ketotifen, olopatadine) | Allergic conjunctivitis | First choice for itchy allergic eyes |
| Mast-cell stabiliser drops (e.g. sodium cromoglicate, lodoxamide) | Persistent or seasonal allergic conjunctivitis | Take a few days to start working |
| Steroid drops | Only under an eye doctor's care | Can make herpes and fungal infections much worse |
Optrex Infected Eyes drops are one of the chloramphenicol eye infection drops sold in UK pharmacies. They can help bacterial conjunctivitis, but not viral or allergic conjunctivitis. NHS medicines guidance says to use chloramphenicol for 5 days, even if your eye looks better, and not longer unless a prescriber tells you to; the ointment is used 3–4 times a day. Do not wear contact lenses during treatment, and wait 24 hours after the last dose before putting soft lenses back in. If there is no improvement after 2 days, or things get worse, see a doctor.
Allergic conjunctivitis: itchy eyes that are not an infection
Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by an allergy, not by germs, so it is not contagious and antibiotics do not help. It usually affects both eyes, itches intensely, and comes with hay fever, pet allergy or dust allergy. Treatment, as summarised by the AAO's EyeWiki and NHS prescribing guidance, starts with avoiding the trigger, cool compresses and antihistamine eye drops; mast-cell stabiliser drops are added for persistent or seasonal symptoms, and combined drops (such as olopatadine or ketotifen) do both jobs. Strong allergy that does not respond, or eye allergy with blurred vision, should be seen by an eye specialist.
Conjunctivitis in a newborn: why it is always urgent
Conjunctivitis in a newborn (ophthalmia neonatorum) is a red, swollen, sticky eye in the first weeks of life, and it always needs a doctor the same day. The NHS advises urgent help for any baby under 30 days old with red, sticky eyes. A review in the journal Community Eye Health (2018) explains that it usually starts 2–14 days after birth and is mainly caused by chlamydia or gonorrhoea passed from the mother during delivery:
- Gonococcal infection appears 2–5 days after birth, with a lot of pus and severe swelling. It can perforate the cornea and cause blindness quickly.
- Chlamydial infection appears 5–14 days after birth and is usually milder.
Both are treated with antibiotics given by mouth or injection, not only drops, so a doctor must decide.
Keratitis: when the infection reaches the cornea
Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea, and when it is caused by an infection it can form an open sore called a corneal ulcer. The AAO warns that corneal ulcers can badly and permanently damage vision, and even cause blindness, if they are not treated.
Keratitis symptoms: redness, severe pain, a feeling that something is in the eye, watering, discharge, blurred vision, light sensitivity, swollen lids and sometimes a white spot on the cornea.
Types of infectious keratitis:
| Type | Typical cause or risk | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Bacterial | Contact lens wear, especially overnight; Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas cause about 80% of cases (EyeWiki) | Intensive antibiotic drops, in severe cases every hour, day and night |
| Viral (herpes simplex, shingles) | The cold-sore virus, which can return with stress, illness or sunlight | Antiviral drops or tablets; long-term tablets to prevent recurrences |
| Fungal | Injury with plant material, warm climates, steroid drops, contact lenses | Antifungal drops (natamycin first for filamentous fungi) and tablets, often for weeks |
| Acanthamoeba (parasitic) | Contact lenses exposed to tap water, pools or hot tubs; more than 80% of cases are in lens wearers | Special anti-amoebic drops for months; pain is often far worse than the eye looks |
Why contact lens wearers are at risk. About 41 million people in the US wear contact lenses, and the CDC reports that sleeping in them, even occasionally, increases the risk of a lens-related eye infection six- to eightfold. In the CDC's review of reported contact lens infections from 2005 to 2015, about 1 in 5 patients was left with a corneal scar, reduced vision or a corneal transplant.
How keratitis is treated. An ophthalmologist examines the cornea with a slit-lamp microscope and fluorescein dye, and often takes a tiny scraping for laboratory culture before starting treatment. EyeWiki recommends cultures for larger ulcers (over 2 mm), deep ulcers and those threatening vision. Treatment is matched to the germ:
- Bacterial: antibiotic drops, often fortified (extra-strong) and given hourly at first. In the US SCUT trial, adding steroid drops early (within 2–3 days of antibiotics) gave slightly better vision at 3 months, but steroids are started only by the specialist once the right antibiotic is working.
- Herpes: in the US Herpetic Eye Disease Study (703 patients, published 1998), acyclovir tablets (400 mg twice daily for a year) cut recurrences of eye herpes by 41% and of the deeper stromal form by 50%.
- Fungal: in the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial, natamycin drops led to fewer perforations and transplants than voriconazole drops, and Fusarium ulcers had clearly better vision with natamycin.
- Acanthamoeba: EyeWiki reports cure rates of about 86% with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) drops, usually continued for months.
When surgery is needed. If medicines fail, the cornea perforates, or a dense scar is left once the infection has healed, a corneal transplant can restore a clear window (AAO). For fungal keratitis, EyeWiki reports that 31–38% of eyes need a transplant. This is planned surgery, carried out by a cornea surgeon once the eye is quiet or as an emergency if the cornea perforates.
Endophthalmitis: an infection inside the eye
Endophthalmitis is an infection of the tissues or fluids inside the eyeball, and the AAO calls it a medical emergency that can blind you if it is not treated quickly.
What causes it. Most cases are exogenous: bacteria or fungi enter the eye during surgery, an injection into the eye or a penetrating injury. Less often it is endogenous: an infection elsewhere in the body, such as in the blood or urine, spreads to the eye.
How common it is. EyeWiki puts the risk after cataract surgery at about 0.08–0.68%, and after anti-VEGF injections at about 0.008–0.092%. The European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) showed in a study published in 2007 that an antibiotic injected into the eye (1 mg of cefuroxime) at the end of cataract surgery reduced endophthalmitis about fivefold, and its guidelines now recommend it.
Symptoms. After cataract surgery it usually appears within 1–2 weeks, often 3–5 days after the operation. In the US Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS), 94% of patients had blurred vision, 82% a red eye and 74% pain, so more than 1 in 4 had no pain. Any drop in vision after eye surgery is a reason to call your surgeon the same day.
Treatment. Antibiotics, or antifungal medicine, are injected directly into the eye, sometimes with steroids. In severe cases a vitrectomy removes the infected vitreous gel. The EVS found that when vision had fallen to light perception only, immediate vitrectomy gave three times the chance of reaching 20/40 vision compared with an injection alone (33% vs 11%).
Eye infection treatment in Istanbul: who it is for
Our eye infection treatment is for people who can be examined safely in Istanbul without delaying urgent care. That usually means:
- You are already in Istanbul or elsewhere in Türkiye, as a resident, a visitor or a traveller, and develop a red, painful or sticky eye.
- Your infection has not settled after treatment at home, or it keeps coming back (for example recurrent herpes keratitis), and you want a cornea specialist's opinion.
- An infection has left a scar on your cornea that blurs your vision, and you are considering a corneal transplant.
- You had endophthalmitis and need follow-up retina care or vitrectomy once the acute infection is controlled.
- You plan laser, lens or cataract surgery and have a history of eye infections, so the surface of your eye needs to be checked and treated first.
Who should not travel for it: anyone with the warning signs in the emergency box. Get treated where you are first; we can review your reports afterwards.
How we diagnose an eye infection: tests and technology
A correct diagnosis is the most important part of eye infection treatment, because antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals each work only on their own type of germ. Your examination includes:
- Slit-lamp examination with fluorescein dye to see ulcers, scratches and inflammation on the cornea
- Corneal scraping and culture when keratitis is suspected, so the treatment matches the germ ({{laboratory and culture availability}})
- Eye-pressure measurement and a dilated retina examination
- B-scan ultrasound of the inside of the eye when it cannot be seen clearly, for example in endophthalmitis
- {{Confocal microscopy for Acanthamoeba and fungal keratitis, if available}}
Any surgery takes place in a fully equipped, Ministry of Health–licensed operating theatre in Istanbul.
Eye infection treatment cost in Istanbul
An examination with an eye specialist for an eye infection costs {{£ consultation price}}. Most conjunctivitis needs nothing more. If your infection needs further treatment or surgery, your surgeon confirms the price in writing before anything is done.
| Treatment | Laser Istanbul Clinic | Typical published prices (2025–26, USD) |
|---|---|---|
| Specialist examination for an eye infection | {{£ consultation price}} | — |
| Medical treatment of keratitis (tests, drops, follow-up visits) | {{£ price}} after examination | — |
| Corneal transplant after scarring (per eye) | from {{£ price}} | Istanbul about $4,000–7,000 · UK $8,000–14,000 · USA $13,000–28,000 |
| Vitrectomy (per eye) | from {{£ price}} | Istanbul about $3,200–6,500 · UK $8,000–13,400 · USA $8,000–14,000 |
Published prices are typical ranges advertised by clinics in 2025–26, not quotes. Published Istanbul prices are often packages that include a hotel.
For planned surgery, your price includes: the pre-operative examination and scans, surgery by your named surgeon, medication, follow-up checks in Istanbul, a personal interpreter, a coordinator and remote follow-up once you are home.
Not included: flights, hotel and airport transfers. Hotel and transfers are a separate charge, and we can arrange them on request.
Your eye infection specialists
Your eye infection care, step by step
Tell us what is happening
Send photos of your eye, your symptoms and any reports or drops you are using. If you have warning signs and are not in Istanbul, we will tell you to get seen locally today.
Examination
If you are in Istanbul, a specialist examines you ({{urgent appointment availability}}), with an interpreter if you need one.
Diagnosis and tests
Slit-lamp examination, and a corneal scraping or scan when needed.
Treatment plan
You leave with the right drops and a written schedule. Severe keratitis can need drops every hour at first, with frequent checks.
Follow-up
Checks continue until the infection is controlled; remote follow-up by video once you are home.
Planned surgery if needed
If a scar or a retina problem remains, your surgeon plans a corneal transplant or vitrectomy and confirms the price in writing.
Recovery: how long eye infections take to heal
| Infection | Typical recovery |
|---|---|
| Viral conjunctivitis | 1–2 weeks; up to 3 weeks for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis |
| Bacterial conjunctivitis | Days to 2 weeks; often faster with antibiotic drops |
| Allergic conjunctivitis | Settles once the trigger is avoided and drops are started |
| Bacterial keratitis | Weeks; a scar may remain |
| Fungal or Acanthamoeba keratitis | Weeks to months of treatment |
| Endophthalmitis | Weeks to months; vision depends on the germ and how fast treatment started |
During recovery, use your drops exactly as prescribed, keep all follow-up appointments and keep contact lenses out until your doctor says otherwise.
Flying. {{Your surgeons' guidance on flying during active keratitis and after a corneal transplant or vitrectomy, including gas-bubble restrictions.}}
Risks, complications and how to prevent eye infections
Most eye infections heal fully, but corneal and internal infections can leave lasting damage. Possible complications include corneal scarring and reduced vision, corneal perforation, the need for a corneal transplant, recurrence (especially herpes) and, rarely, loss of the eye: EyeWiki reports that 15–20% of eyes with fungal keratitis may need to be removed. Your specialist explains your personal risks, in writing and through your interpreter.
How to prevent eye infections (CDC and AAO advice):
- Wash and dry your hands before touching your eyes or lenses.
- Never sleep in contact lenses unless your eye doctor has prescribed it.
- Keep water away from lenses: take them out before swimming or showering, and never rinse or store them in tap water.
- Use fresh solution every time, clean the case and replace it at least every three months.
- Wear protective glasses for gardening, DIY and sport.
- Don't use steroid eye drops unless an eye doctor is supervising you.
- Don't share towels, pillows or eye make-up.
Eye infection treatment: frequently asked questions
The right eye infection treatment depends on the cause. Viral conjunctivitis needs only cleaning and comfort drops, bacterial conjunctivitis may need antibiotic drops, and allergic conjunctivitis needs antihistamine drops. Keratitis and endophthalmitis need an eye specialist the same day for intensive drops, injections or surgery.
The first conjunctivitis symptoms are usually redness, a gritty or burning feeling and watering, followed by sticky discharge or itching depending on the cause. It often starts in one eye and spreads to the other. Pain, light sensitivity or blurred vision are not typical and need urgent assessment.
Most viral and bacterial conjunctivitis lasts 1–2 weeks, according to the CDC; a severe adenovirus form can last up to 3 weeks. Antibiotic drops can shorten bacterial conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis lasts as long as you are exposed to the trigger.
Only if bacteria are the cause. Antibiotics do not work for viral or allergic conjunctivitis, which make up most cases. Contact lens wearers, babies, and anyone with pain or changed vision should be examined rather than treating themselves.
Optrex Infected Eyes drops contain chloramphenicol, an antibiotic that treats bacterial conjunctivitis. They do not help viral or allergic conjunctivitis. Use them for 5 days, and see a doctor if there is no improvement after 2 days. Children under 2 need a GP prescription.
No. Allergic conjunctivitis is the body's reaction to pollen, dust mites, pet dander or other triggers, so it cannot spread to others. It usually affects both eyes and itches strongly. Antihistamine drops are the first treatment.
Yes. Any baby under 30 days old with red, sticky eyes should be seen urgently. Infections caught at birth, especially gonorrhoea, can damage the cornea within days, and they are treated with antibiotics by mouth or injection.
Keratitis is an infection or inflammation of the cornea, the clear window at the front of the eye, while conjunctivitis affects the thin skin over the white of the eye. Keratitis usually causes real pain, light sensitivity and blurred vision. It can scar the cornea and needs treatment by an eye specialist the same day.
No. Take your lenses out at the first sign of a red or sore eye and keep them out until your doctor says the infection has cleared. Ask your doctor whether the lenses and case should be tested or replaced. After chloramphenicol, wait 24 hours before wearing soft lenses again.
In the UK, the NHS says you do not need to stay off work or school unless you or your child feel very unwell. Infectious conjunctivitis spreads easily, so wash your hands often and do not share towels. Some workplaces, such as healthcare, have their own rules.
No. An active eye infection or inflammation must be treated and fully settled before laser, lens or cataract surgery. Your surgeon checks the surface of your eye at your pre-operative examination and delays surgery if needed.
For an acute painful eye with blurred vision, get treated where you are today; do not delay to travel. If you are already in Istanbul, or your infection has not settled, keeps returning or has left a scar, Doç. Dr. Özer or Op. Dr. Bayram can examine you. Send your reports first for a free review.
Sources for the facts on this page
- NHS, Conjunctivitis: symptoms (red, burning/gritty, pus sticking to lashes, itching, watering); causes incl. some STIs; usually better in a couple of weeks; cleaning with boiled cooled water, cold flannel, no contact lenses; pharmacist advice; children under 2 need a GP prescription; GP if not better after 7 days or contact-lens wearer with symptoms; urgent help for eye pain, light sensitivity, vision changes, very red eyes, baby under 30 days with red sticky eyes; antibiotics only for bacterial; no need to stay off work/school unless very unwell. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/conjunctivitis/
- NHS, Chloramphenicol (brand Optrex) and How and when to use chloramphenicol: 5 days' use, ointment 3–4 times a day, no contact lenses during treatment and 24 hours after for soft lenses, see a doctor if no improvement after 2 days. https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/chloramphenicol/ · https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/chloramphenicol/how-and-when-to-use-chloramphenicol/
- American Academy of Ophthalmology, Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis): viral/bacterial/allergic features; viral has no specific treatment; bacterial needs prescribed antibiotic drops; allergic treated with allergy drops; usually gone in 1–2 weeks; when to see an ophthalmologist. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/pink-eye-conjunctivitis
- CDC, Conjunctivitis (infection control for healthcare personnel): viral resolves in 1–2 weeks; EKC up to 3 weeks, contagious from a few days before to about 14 days after onset; bacterial self-limited 1–2 weeks, antibiotics may shorten. https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/conjunctivitis.html
- CDC, Clinical Overview of Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis): most acute infectious conjunctivitis in adults is viral; contact lens wearers with bacterial conjunctivitis should remove lenses, use topical antibiotics and see an ophthalmologist promptly. https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html · Pink Eye: Causes and How It Spreads (adenoviruses, staph and strep, allergens): https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/causes/
- EyeWiki (AAO), Allergic Conjunctivitis: antihistamines, mast-cell stabilisers, combined agents (olopatadine, ketotifen). https://eyewiki.aao.org/Allergic_Conjunctivitis · NHS community pharmacy guidance (NHS Scotland), A guide to the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (2021): antihistamine drops first line; mast-cell stabilisers take a few days to work. https://www.communitypharmacy.scot.nhs.uk/media/4607/allergic-conjunctivitis.pdf
- Olusanya BA, Baiyeroju AM. Emergency management: ophthalmia neonatorum. Community Eye Health 2018: onset 2–14 days; gonococcal 2–5 days, chlamydial 5–14 days; corneal perforation and blindness; systemic antibiotic treatment. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6253317/
- American Academy of Ophthalmology, Corneal Ulcer (Keratitis): definition, bacterial/viral/fungal/Acanthamoeba causes, symptoms incl. white spot, risk factors incl. steroid drops, slit lamp and fluorescein diagnosis, antimicrobial drops, corneal transplant, risk of blindness. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-keratitis
- CDC, Contact Lens–Related Corneal Infections — United States, 2005–2015 (MMWR 2016;65(32)): ~41 million US lens wearers; sleeping in lenses increases infection risk 6–8-fold; 19.8% of reports with central scar, reduced acuity or transplant. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6532a2.htm
- CDC, Healthy Habits: Keeping Water Away from Contact Lenses and Preventing Eye Infections When Wearing Contacts: remove before swimming/showering, never rinse or store in water, replace case at least every 3 months. https://www.cdc.gov/contact-lenses/about/healthy-habits-keeping-water-away-from-contact-lenses.html · https://www.cdc.gov/contact-lenses/prevention/index.html
- EyeWiki (AAO), Bacterial Keratitis: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas ~80%; cultures for infiltrates >2 mm, deep or vision-threatening; fortified antibiotics hourly; SCUT steroid timing. https://eyewiki.org/Bacterial_Keratitis
- EyeWiki (AAO), Acanthamoeba Keratitis: >80% in contact lens wearers; pain out of proportion; PHMB 0.08% cure rate 86%; months of treatment. https://eyewiki.org/Acanthamoeba_Keratitis
- EyeWiki (AAO), Fungal Keratitis: plant trauma, warm climates, steroids, lenses; natamycin; penetrating keratoplasty in 31–38%; evisceration in 15–20%. https://eyewiki.org/Fungal_Keratitis · EyeWiki, Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial 1 & 2: natamycin vs voriconazole, fewer perforations/transplants, better Fusarium outcomes. https://eyewiki.org/Mycotic_Ulcer_Treatment_Trial_1_%26_2
- National Eye Institute, Antiviral drug sharply reduces return of herpes of the eye (HEDS, 1998): 703 patients; acyclovir 400 mg twice daily for 12 months; recurrence of any ocular herpes reduced 41%, stromal keratitis 50%. https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/news-and-events/news/antiviral-drug-sharply-reduces-return-herpes-eye
- American Academy of Ophthalmology, What Is Endophthalmitis?: medical emergency; exogenous vs endogenous; symptoms; intravitreal antibiotics/antifungals, vitrectomy; can blind if not treated quickly. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-endophthalmitis
- EyeWiki (AAO), Endophthalmitis: 0.08–0.68% after cataract surgery; 0.008–0.092% after anti-VEGF injection; onset 1–2 weeks, often 3–5 days; EVS symptoms (blurred vision 94.3%, red eye 82.1%, pain 74%); EVS vitrectomy vs tap-and-inject (33% vs 11% reaching 20/40 with light perception vision). https://eyewiki.org/Endophthalmitis
- ESCRS, The Endophthalmitis Study: results published 2007, fivefold reduction with 1 mg intracameral cefuroxime at the end of cataract surgery. https://www.escrs.org/education/research-portals/the-endophthalmitis-study/
Ask a cornea specialist about your eye infection, free
Send us photos of your eye, your symptoms and any reports. Doç. Dr. Özer or Op. Dr. Bayram will tell you what they think is going on and what to do next, including whether you need to be seen locally today.
3 eye surgeons
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Prof. Dr. Ahmet Satıcı
Doç. Dr. Muhammet Derda Özer
Op. Dr. Aysan Bayram